Ключи предназначены исключительно для самопроверки. Любой язык предполагает возможность выразить одну и ту же мысль несколькими способами, поэтому всегда лучше думать самостоятельно и обращаться к готовым ответам лишь в случае затруднений. Кроме того, любой опытный учитель с легкостью отличит самостоятельно выполненную работу учащегося от списанной с ключей.

7.1

A. Costas has just returned… Each of my classmates has already handed in… I am afraid we have left… I am sorry I have removed… None of them have/has passed the test… Something has just stung… The countries have finally signed… The plane has successfully landed…The seamen have rescued… Time has successfully completed…

B. Most of our employees haven’t returned … Our new classmate hasn’t got acquainted … Our Maths teacher hasn’t cancelled… The employer hasn’t considered… The exchange students haven’t arrived … The government hasn’t managed… The news agency hasn’t confirmed… Their new car hasn’t broken down… Tim hasn’t recovered … We haven’t used up…

C. Have all the guests checked out… ? Has Anna graduated from… ? Has any one of you watched … ? Has anything interesting happened…? Has Mr Sanders developed…? Have Polly and Sid told …? Have the Japanese tourists left yet? Have you downloaded…? Have your parents invited…?

(*В пункте С (в сравнении с А и В) логически возможны и другие варианты ответов)

7.2

1. has already set up 2. … in my life yet. 3. … done it yet. 4. … learnt yet 5. … her granny yet … 6. has been already recycled 7. have already cut 8. … to you yet? 9. have already made 10. …today yet?

7.3

1. Have you washed your hands before the meal yet? 2. The film hasn’t begun at the cinema yet. 3. All the guests have already gathered in our country house. 4. The students have already answered all the questions. 5. Has it stopped raining yet? (Has the rain stopped yet?) 6. The sportsmen from Hungary haven’t won this competition yet. 7. Has the teacher marked all the papers yet? 8. Why haven’t they cleaned their room yet? 9. We have already skied several times this winter. 10. How many tasks have you managed to do yet?

7.4

A. 1. Have you ever seen a real alligator in your life? 2. Susie has never been so happy yet. 3. Have your children ever sent letters to Santa Claus? 4. I have never used social media. 5. Have you ever talked to native speakers? 6. I have spoken to some British and American people but I have never talked to Australians. 7. Have you never read Edgar A. Poe? 8. He has never been interested in music. 9. Have Rammstein ever performed in your country? 10. They have never asked (us) for our advice yet.

B. 1. I have always liked your drawings. 2. Have you always lived in London? 3. My sister has always been afraid of spiders. 4. Ms Hills hasn’t always worked as a school teacher. 5. Our city has always been clean and green.

C. 1. We have finished the redecoration only in one room so far. 2. Only one issue of the magazine has come out so far. 3. Their baby has got only one tooth so far. 4. They have opened only one new school in our district so far. 5. I have answered only half of the test questions so far.

7.5

1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. for 6. for 7. since 8. for 9. for 10. since

7.6

1. We haven’t seen Tom at work for two days. Has he fallen ill? 2. I have learnt about 200 new words since the beginning of the month. 3. I haven’t come across such cars on the roads for about ten years. 4. I have learnt a lot about this person since we got acquainted. 5. We have had this tablet for about a year and we are really happy with it. 6. I haven’t been to the cinema for ages! 7. The plant hasn’t stopped working since 1930. 8. A lot of students have been ill since the beginning of the term. 9. They have been away for a week. 10. We have known each other since 2007.

7.7

1d 2b 3a 4g 5e 6f 7c

7.8

1. We have seen wolves three times since we settled in the village. 2. Have you caught much fish since you came here? 3. What have you done since I asked you to tidy the house? 4. Has anything interesting happened since we talked on the phone last time? 5. Two new seasons have come out since we watched the series last summer. 6. We haven’t heard from Tom since he left for Australia. 7. Haven’t you finished the picture since you showed it to me in the process of painting? 8. Unfortunately, some of the students haven’t attained any significant results since they started learning Italian in September. 9. Mice haven’t bothered us any more ever since the cat appeared in the house. 10. We have seen most of the city since we came here at the weekend.

7.9

1. to 2. in 3. to 4. to 5. in 6. in 7. to

7.10

1. I can’t put you through to Mr Reed, he has gone to San Francisco. 2. How long has Mr Reed been in America? 3. Captain Burroughs has been to many countries of the world in his life. 4. Have you gone to the country yet? 5. We have been in the country for a week and a half because we are on vacation. 6. Have you been to your home town over the last years at least once? 7. The dog has been in the house alone the whole day, you need to walk it. 8. Sabina has gone to the swimming pool, call her back later. 9. We have been to the swimming pool four times this month.

7.11

1. The humankind has made a number of discoveries over its history. 2. Many people think that shoelaces have always existed, but even they have their own history. 3. How many times have people been to the Moon? 4. People have greatly polluted the world ocean over the past fifty years. 5. Thomas hasn’t achieved any considerable results in Mathematics but he has made a good musician. 6. I have not still learnt how to skate. 7. Have you always been able to speak French so well/fluently? 8. A lot of animal species have disappeared from the face of our planet. 9. Is that all you have written so far? 10. I have climbed upstairs and I am waiting for you in the corridor.

7.12

1. didn’t know, got, moved 2. recruited, broke out 3. saw, has become 4. have/has failed, was 5. have fallen 6. did you experience 7. have you ever regretted 8. came, was 9. has been 10. have not fulfilled, promised 11. hasn’t anyone informed 12. made, have not been 13. have appeared 14. have hatched 15. have I told 16. didn’t tell, called; happened 17. has happened 18. applied, has vanished 19. have you taken, have tried, has helped 20. have you had

7.13

1. comes 2. have never come 3. are, have been 4. am, try 5. is, celebrate, haven’t celebrated 6. have you had 7. has, likes 8. is, have just turned on 9. has arrived, is, arrives 10. have you ever tasted, haven’t heard 11. don’t drink 12. has anyone complained 13. hasn’t been, has happened 13. is, has stopped 14. haven’t closed 16. creates 17. have used 18. don’t buy, read 19. read, haven’t bought 20. has raised, has given 21. doesn’t understand, hasn’t explained

7.14

1. is walking, have seen 2. are learning, haven’t learnt 3. are you waiting, hasn’t arrived 4. have all the students passed, are still taking 5. are you looking for, have lost, have found 6. is it still raining, has stopped, is shining 7. are you coming, have caught, am staying 8. have I missed 9. are you frying, have cooked 10. have submitted, are waiting 11. is coming, have you bought 12. have considered 13. hasn’t slept, is dozing 14. has gone 15. are you driving, have just bought 16. has changed, is thawing 17. has happened 18. are looking, have spent 19. have dropped 20. haven’t you fixed, is dripping, is getting

7.15

1. will clean, have done 2. have you parked, will help 3. will you send, have done 4. has your group studied, haven’t, will take 5. have delayed, will spend

7.16

1. As soon as we have received the answer we will let you know about it. 2. After I have arrived in new York I will either text or call you. 3. If you have learnt all these words and grammar rules by the end of the year you will easily pass the exam. 4. Right after the artist has finished the picture he will show it to you. 5. We will set off as soon as we have woken up.

7.17

1. Is it the first time you have ridden a motorbike? 2. It is the fifth time you have made the same mistake.  3. Is it the second time you have visited Great Britain? 4. It is the tenth time I have asked you to keep your hands off my bike! 5. It is the third time I have found myself in the same place.

7.18

1. We have just returned from the vacation. – When did you return from the vacation?

2. The children have been to an/the exhibition recently. – When did they go there?

3. Margaret has already graduated from the university. – When did she graduate from the university?

4. This film has come out quite recently. – When exactly did it come out?

5. Jack has already built his house. – When did he build it?

7.19

1. has played, has never won 2. change, change 3. do not remember, saw, haven’t changed 4. will call, are 5. have been, haven’t done 6. has worked, knows, is 7. is buzzing 8. have watched 9. put, found, was 10. has written, did 11. will remember, play 12. have never been 13. did you take, have lost/lost, haven’t found/didn’t find 14. did you discover, was 15. missed, got

7.20

1. Who is knocking on our door? 2. Somebody knocked on the door yesterday, but Tom didn’t open it as he was home alone. 3. If someone knocks on the door, do not open it. 4. Wait, don’t hang up, someone has just knocked on the door and I need to get it. 5. Everything around has changed so greatly over the past 20 years. When I was here last time, there were no houses and no swimming pool. 6. The children are planting trees together with their teachers. There will be a great green park in some thirty years here. 7. Will you print out a couple of photos in colour if I give you my memory card? 8. The parents are getting water from the spring now, they went there half an hour ago. 9. Aren’t you riding your bike now? – No. It has started raining, we are at Sabina’s place and we are watching cartoons. – Well, come back home when it stops raining. Dad has just returned from the business trip and is waiting for you. 10. I haven’t read the book up to the end because it is terribly boring. – That’s strange, I really liked it. – I have watched the film and it is far more interesting than the book. Usually it is the other way round.

7.21

1. was able 2. could 3. could 4. was able 5. were able 6. was able 7. were able 8. could 9. was able 10. could

7.22

1. Could you put anything heavy on the lid? 2. We couldn’t find anything useful in this book. 3. You can pitch your tent somewhere near ours. 4. They couldn’t park the car anywhere and went to look for another parking lot/car park. 5. We couldn’t make out anything in the recipe. 6. I couldn’t download any films as there was no Internet access. 7. I think Granny could give you some useful advice. 8. He can’t hurt anyone. 9. You can ask our specialists any questions. 10. Robin the Bobbin could eat some oxen at a time.

7.23

a) I will be able to help you as soon as I come home. 2. They bird will be able to fly again when its wing is all right. 3. You will be able to try real fruit(s) when you come to us in summer. 4. Some students will be able to take the examination ahead of schedule next year. 5. When will you be able to give us the final answer? 6. I’m afraid she won’t be able to solve such a difficult problem. 7. You will be able to order some goods with a big discount online at the weekend. 8. A townsman will hardly be able to survive in the taiga if he gets lost. 9. You will be able to get to the university faster if you take the underground. 10. Where will you be able to put up the guests?

b) 1. Mike didn’t know anything but he was able to pass the exam somehow. 2. The sportsman hurt his leg but he was able to reach the finish line. 3. Why were you not able to take part in the Maths Olympiad? 4. The tourists were able to find a car service and have the car repaired far from the city. 5. Luckily, we were able to restore the password and get to know the test results.

c) 1. Have you always been able to count so fast? 2. I have never been able to skate. 3. You haven’t been able to find the time to come down to your home city over these thirty years. 4. I am grateful that you have been able to keep our conversation secret all this time. 5. No one in the history of humankind has been able to prove this hypothesis.

7.24

1. John has never been able to hurt anyone in his life.

2. Grandfather can/could swim across the river at the age of eighty.

3. Could you repeat the last sentence once again?

4. You couldn’t unlock the door because you had a wrong key.

5. Jeans stumbled but she was able to hold her balance.

6. You will be able to sit up late if you drink some coffee.

7. The phone battery was low that’s why I couldn’t call/wasn’t able to call you yesterday evening.

8. Luckily, there was a necessary screwdriver in my toolbox and I was able to repair your stereo.

7.25

1. Could you, please, come later? We are not home yet. 2. What could you recommend as a present for my parents? 3. Could you answer some questions of the questionnaire? 4. Could you move/step aside? 5. Could we stay for a few more days in the country? 6. Could you solve some problems for me? I don’t have enough time. 7. Could you stop the bus a bit farther away, over the crossroads? 8. Where could we have lunch? 9. Could you tell me the right time, please? 10. Could you give me a lift home tonight?

7.26

1. You may leave the documents in the secretary’s office. 2. May I ask you a question? – Certainly. 3. You may wait for the teacher in the room. 4. We were allowed not to come to school yesterday. 5. Will they be allowed to resit the exam? 6. The children have never been allowed to stay home alone. 7. Children are not allowed to take front seats in a car. 8. You may take my laptop if it is necessary. 9. You will be allowed to play computer games tomorrow. 10. You will be allowed to play computer games if you get good marks in all the subjects.

7.27

1. has to 2. have to 3. must/has to 4. must (если говорящий так считает)/have to (если говорящий так не считает) 5. must 6. must 7. must 8. have to 9. must (мнение говорящего)/ have to (внешние обстоятельства) 10. have to

7.28

A. 1. You must come to classes on time. 2. You will have to stay after classes and help to clean the room. 3. We didn’t have to wait long in the queue. 4. You must listen to adults. 5. I hope you will not have to rewrite the work. 6. Fishermen must be careful when they walk out on the ice. 7. You will have to put on a warmer jacket – it’s frosty outside. 8. Drivers have to warm up the engines of their cars longer than usual. 9. You mustn’t use the device at a temperature below ten degrees below zero, it may break down. 10. What must we do in an emergency? 11. Children must not play with matches and sharp items. 12. The jacket is dirty – you’ll have to take it to the dry cleaner’s. 13. Everyone must wash hands before meals. 14. What did you have to read from the list of books in summer? 15. People who do not have central heating have to warm up their houses with stoves/firewood. 16. The uniform of the medical students must look flawless. 17. We have to return home, we left our umbrellas there. 18. How often do you have to come back home so late? 19. Drivers must drive on the left(-hand side) in Great Britain. 20. You must be able to cope with any difficulties.

B. 1. The day before yesterday we were to gather at the bus station at 8 o’clock. 2. The exchange students from Germany are to arrive on Monday. 3. You are to strictly* follow the instructions (split infinitive приведен для разнообразия: в нем наречие «отрывает» частицу ‘to’ от глагола). 4. You are to learn the whole of the poem by heart next time. 5. The children are to be asleep at 11 as they have to get up early tomorrow.

7.29

1. You may like the new film. 2. You may easily get lost in the dark. 3. My new boots must fit you; they are too tight on me. 4. The new issue of the newspaper must interest you. 5. They could come over to us a little later. 6. They might come over to us this week. 7. It may be cold in Moscow now, take your warm clothes with you. 8. Your class could win the first place in the competition. 9. We must be on time for the first time. 10. He might be right. Listen to his opinion.

Примечание: многие современные грамматики считают may/might/could одинаковыми по значению. В некоторых случаях разница очень мала, и выбор модального глагола зависит исключительно от говорящего.

7.30

1. You should give up your seat to older people on public transport. 2. You shouldn’t worry so much about the forthcoming exams. 3. We should be careful with that man. 4. You shouldn’t judge (the) people you don’t know too quickly. 5. You should stay at home at least for one more day. 6. You shouldn’t be in a hurry at the examination, check the answers twice. 7. These boots look terrible, I think you should buy some new ones instead. 8. You should think carefully before you set out to do such an important thing. 9. What should we write in the ‘additional personal information’ field? 10. You should use foreign words in different situations and take down more examples to memorize them.

7.31

1. You needn’t spend so much time on this subject. 2. I don’t need to hurry as I have a day-off. 3. You don’t need to cite the whole passage, everyone knows the contents of the story. 4. What do you need for effective work? 5. The children need to have a good rest on holidays. 6. Our newspaper needs more interesting and quality materials. 7. I don’t think we need an umbrella today – it isn’t going to rain. 8. How many more English textbooks do the students of our class need? 9. You need to be careful when working with ancient editions. 10. How much more money do you need to save to buy a/the new phone?

7.32

A. 1. need to 2. may 3. won’t have to 4. should/may 5. can/could 6. may 7. is able to 8. can 9. have to 10. needn’t

B. 1. are to 2. needn’t 3. may 4. might 5. may 6. must, won’t be able to 7. must be 8. ought to 9. must 10. mustn’t