Ключи предназначены исключительно для самопроверки. Любой язык предполагает возможность выразить одну и ту же мысль несколькими способами, поэтому всегда лучше думать самостоятельно и обращаться к готовым ответам лишь в случае затруднений. Кроме того, любой опытный учитель с легкостью отличит самостоятельно выполненную работу учащегося от списанной с ключей.

12.1

1c 2f 3i 4g 5a 6b 7e 8d 9h 10j

12.2

1. Cleaning her room, Tanya found the earring under the sofa. 2. Talking on the phone mom didn’t notice the cat snatch the sausage off the table. 3. Reading the novel, the students were writing out the unfamiliar words. 4. Now people often walk in the street talking on their mobile phones with headsets. 5. He often sits in front of the TV just flipping the channels. 6. Do you like to spend time in the park sitting on a bench and looking at the water? 7. Stifling with heat, the tourists were walking up a narrow winding path. 8. Riding a bike, the bear astonished the audience in the circus. 9. The artist was walking on the portrait throwing glances at the sitter. 10. Descending a slope hill, I jammed on the brakes.

12.3

a) 1. Follow the safety rules when working with electric tools. 2. Don’t leave the iron on the fabric when ironing the linen. 3. Pay attention to set phrases when reading books and stories in English. 4. Look both ways when crossing the road. 5. Don’t be in a hurry when reciting a poem.

b) 1. While skiing, we caught a cold. 2. While solving that problem, I had to remember all the rules that we had studied over the past half a year. 3. While sleeping, he accidentally dropped his cellphone from the bed onto the floor. 4. While playing football, the children smashed a window. 5. While speaking with grandma on the phone, I forgot what I wanted to tell you about.

12.4

1. Fowles went on reading without paying attention to the loud noise. 2. The got down to work without asking unnecessary questions. 3. Vince used to stay at our hotel and spend some days in the room without going out into the street. 4. Instead of circling the answers with a pencil he was doing it in ink so it was hardly possible to correct anything. 5. At first people were passing by the musicians without stopping. 6. Their daughter reads books in Spanish without looking them up in the dictionary as often as she did before. 7. She still looked the words up in the paper dictionary instead of using a computer. 8. Instead of making a halt and having a short rest we made our way forth. 9. Jenny made her way to the door without taking any notice of us. 10. They did everything on their own instead of asking for someone’s advice.

12.5

1. decorated 2. corrected 3. predicted 4. planted 5. lost 6. delayed 7. broken 8. built 9. discovered 10. used

12.6

1. No one bears responsibility for the things left in the pockets of clothes. 2. We easily recognized the place described in the book. 3. The garden enclosed by a fence could be entered only through a single gate. 4. The gymnasium students lived in a room divided into several compartments by thing partition walls. 5. At that time people usually slept on mattresses stuffed with straw. 6. This monster truck driven by eight engines with a total of 4000 hp can carry 60 tons of load. 7. The bear infuriated by the behavior of the visitors, threw its massive body onto the bars. 8. The child frightened by sudden barking of a dog burst into tears. 9. The banknote washed in the washing machine is still usable/valid. 10. The room lit by a single dim light didn’t seem to be the best place for classes.

12.7

1. swapped 2. passed 3. frisked 4. booked 5. reached 6. tasted 7. updated 8. hurt 9. rescued 10. founded (to found-founded-founded – основывать)

12.8

1. Walking along the embankment I experienced déjà vu. 2. Having recorded herself on a Dictaphone in an empty room she tried to understand how convincing she was when delivering a speech. 3. Having made good progress in English, Anna took up learning German. 4. Learning English, Anna took up German as well. 5. Having finished reading the book, we still didn’t get its message. 6. Reading the book, we were able to predict the outcome easily. 7. Finishing the lecture, the speaker thanked everyone for their attention. 8. Having finished the lecture, the lecturer suggested that the students ask him questions. 9. Having dropped the vase off the table, the cat was waiting for the mistress’s reaction. 10. Painting ‘The Sower’, Ostap Bender was pretending to be a great artist. 11. Having painted ‘The Sower’, Ostap had to make  his escape/to flee from the steamboat.

12.9

A. 1. Being aware of the events, I realized that John’s decision had not been an easy one. 2. Being well acquainted with the doctor, I could call him any time. 3. Being really busy, he couldn’t answer (the) phone calls for the whole day. 4. Being beside himself with fury, Wilson knocked out his rival with a single punch.

B. 1. The student being questioned now, is from our group. 2. The person being interviewed now, is the mayor of our city. 3. The film being shown on TV, has been made this year. 4. The language being spoken by this people, is very rare. 5. The song being sung by the students now, is the hymn ‘Gaudeamus Igitur’.

12.10

1. Tom had his tooth filled last week. 2. Where did you have your hair cut? 3. We would like to have our papers marked as soon as possible. 4. Every weekend we have drinking water delivered in 20l bottles. 5. I usually have my car washed at the car wash near the shopping mall. 6. Ann had her car repaired really quickly. 7. Where did you have such a dress made?

12.11

1. Hunting big wild animals is a dangerous activity. 2. Smoking leads to numerous diseases. 3. Reading is a perfect way of spending time beneficially. 4. Collecting stamps is my grandad’s hobby. 5. Travelling by train gets on my nerves. 6. Travelling by sea makes some people sick. 7. Safe driving is not for Sam – he is a reckless guy. 8. Keeping a bear as a pet at home is typical of Russian people, as many foreigners believe. 9. Killing animals for fur and leather causes mass protests among animal protectors. 10. Thinking in a/the foreign language is my goal.

12.12

1. One of the main conditions for recovery is staying in bed as long as you have a high temperature. 2. The function of this device is maintaining a constant temperature in the aquarium. 3. His strong point is taking independent decisions. 4. One of the most popular activities abroad is watching birds. 5. What I like most of all is riding a bike along winding forest paths together with my friends.

12.13

(это упражнение выполняется по таблице на стр. 147)

A. 1. Our dog is still too young and it is afraid of swimming. 2. Are you still angry with me for (my) coming late? 3. Are you not aware of our moving house yet? 4. It is rather easy to get used to waking up early. 5. Are you not bored with watching this endless soap opera? 6. Some birds are not capable of flying. 7. He is clever at making money out of thin air. 8. Mike is crazy about doing extreme sports, especially kiteboarding. 9. Tanya was extremely disappointed at gaining/having gained weight. 10. We are excited about having passed the exam. 11. Caesar was famous for doing several things simultaneously. 12. Everyone is fed up with your whining/nagging/complaining. 13. He was fond of building plane models in his childhood. 14. My friend is good at drawing portraits (in pencil). 15. Ann and Paul are happy about having got married. 16. Any artist is interested in selling his paintings.  17. Tony has always been keen on swimming. 18. The sportsmen are proud of having taken part in the Olympics. 19. I am really (getting) sick of waiting for so long. 20. I am sorry for interrupting you. 21. I am sure of getting a good mark for the answer. 22. I am tired of repeating one and the same thing to you. 23. Are you worried about having hurt Jen?

B. 1. This man is accused of counterfeiting. 2. Surprisingly, Tom didn’t even apologize for his being late. 3. I don’t approve of staying at this hotel. 4. I believe in jogging as a good way of keeping fit. 5. For some reason everyone blames John for having broken the printer. 6. The neighbours downstairs complained about your making a noise. 7. What you need now is to concentrate on preparing for the examinations. 8. have you congratulated your nephew on having entered the university yet? 9. Breathing in fresh air is a good way to cope with feeling tired. 10. Dealing with various problems depends on changing your attitude to them. 11. They cannot even dream of buying their own flat in London. 12. I don’t feel like watching any films today. 13. You shouldn’t insist on throwing the old wardrobe out. 14. Something kept him from telling the whole truth about the journey. 15. The children are looking forward to going to the sea in summer. 16. The locals object to building a/the new shopping mall. 17. The net prevents insects from getting into the room. 18. This studio specializes in developing mobile apps. 19. He hardly managed to stop them from beating each other. 20. Mr Smith has succeeded in learning new foreign languages over the years. 21. We would like to thank all of you for having participated in the conference. 22. John (has) thought a couple of times of/about going somewhere far away, for example to South America. 23. Road authorities usually warn drivers against driving on slippery highways. 24. She is worried about having caused us trouble.

C. 1. What are the advantages of using diesel engines? 2. They don’t stand a chance of winning the championship. 3. The danger of smoking consists in long-term effects on people’s health. 4. Soon Tom got into the habit of arguing with grown-ups. 5. Finally Andrew called Ann in hope of making it up. 6. I don’t like the very idea of working in a room without any windows. 7. Many psychologists speak about the importance and necessity of changing surroundings. 8. In his early years Mozart expressed interest in composing pieces of music. 9. Unfortunately you have missed an opportunity of going abroad for practice this year. 10. Do you see the point of replacing the equipment this year? 11. This candidate still has a possibility of winning the election. 12. The problem of polluting the environment is one of the most acute in the modern world. 13. Can you give at least one reason for not going to the concert tonight? 14. We decided to hang the shelf in another place due to the risk of damaging the wiring. 15. Practice is the best way of getting rid of your mistakes.

D. 1. We anticipated meeting you. 2. We highly appreciate you/your having spent so much time on solving our problems. 3. Many people avoid staying in an enclosed space. 4. Do you consider purchasing real estate abroad? 5. He has delayed visiting a dentist for a long time and now he has to tackle the problem. 6. Now he despises himself for being a coward. 7. Why do you dislike going to the theatre? 8. Some people enjoy humiliating/making fool of others. 9. Do you fancy walking in the park? 10. Let’s finish arguing – it is leading us nowhere! 11. Forgive me for having interfered in the affairs of others. 12. Just imagine me wearing my new boots! 13. Simon’s job involves driving a car and going on business trips. 14. Keep (on) driving to the first crossroads then turn right and then turn left. 15. Do you mind me/my opening the window? 16. I really miss cycling in winter. 17. The local authorities postponed/put off building a/the new school till the next year. 18. Ann first managed to practise speaking English with a native speaker when she was in the 8^th grade. 19. I recollect meeting her at a/the restaurant in summer. 20. Many participants resented waiting for the check-in for so long. 21. The girl couldn’t resist boasting of/showing off her new mobile phone. 22. Let’s resume meeting at the Traveller’s Club next month. 23. She risked losing all her money when she started her business. 24. Now, what do you suggest doing in such a situation?

12.14

1. I couldn’t help laughing looking at you in this suit/costume. 2. I can’t stand smoking, and you? 3. It’s no use arguing with such people, they are cocksure that they are a hundred percent right. 4. This book is definitely worth reading. 5. Arthur is in charge of making the barbecues today. 6. There is no harm in getting up early, quite the opposite, it is healthy. 7. Tom has never had difficulty in meeting new people. 8. There is no point/sense in hurrying now, it’s better to do everything more slowly but with better quality. 9. We were on the point of leaving when Mr Smith finally turned up. 10. There is no point/sense in buying overpriced equipment/appliances – it gets outdated in a short period of time. 11. It’s a waste of time playing computer games/Playing computer games is a waste of time. 12. How about spending the weekend by the lake? 13. Everyone is fed up with your playing tricks. 14. What are the advantages of cycling?

12.15

1. To stay in the country for a few more days meant to put yourself in danger. 2. To watch this film in English is not such an easy task as it seems. 3. To come in time for classes is one of the requirements of our school. 4. To live in the Far North is a real challenge for people. 5. To take care of parents is one of children’s duties. 6. To forget everything that has happened is what she needs now. 7. To play computer games is to waste time. 8. To have a snack is simply necessary. 9. To take a break from work is vitally important for you now. 10. Not to communicate with them is not a solution to the problem (отрицательный инфинитив встречается крайне редко в функции подлежащего).

12.16

1. Our only desire is to help you. 2. A good way of learning a foreign language is to watch films in it. 3. The task of any teacher is to develop the students’ interest in the subject. 4. The problem is not to break anything. 5. The volunteers’ task is to find owners for stray animals. 6. The most difficult part of the competition is to walk along the rope and not to fall into the water. 7. To speak a language is not only to answer questions but to ask them as well. 8. One of the distinguishing features of this artist is to use a lot of light in his works. 9. One of the most popular kinds of entertainment here is to scuba-dive/to go scuba-diving. 10. The best way to stop an argument is to keep silent.

12.17

1. There is nothing to worry about. 2. This is the list of the questions to learn. 3. Do you have anything to eat? 4. A lot of birds aren’t easy to take photos of. 5. This is not a thing to dream about. 6. Gagarin was the first to fly in space. 7. This is the target to hit. 8. This is the formula to use for solving the task. 9. These are the exams to take for entering the university. 10. We need a person to rely on. 11. There is something else to be discussed. 12. These are the books to be taken back to the library. 13. This is a novel to read with great attention. 14. This is the second point to take into consideration when you create a diagram. 15. These are not the animals to hunt. 16. These are the letters to be sent today. 17. This is the text to type. 18. Where are the boxes to be thrown away? 19. This is not an event to prepare for. 20. These are the dishes to wash.

12.18

Pattern 1

1. We were too tired to walk on. 2. The dog is too full to eat the bone. 3. The paper is too thin to be used for drawing. 4. It was too late to come back. 5. You are too young to go to university. 6. I am too cold to swim now. 7. We are too interested in the outcome of the project to stop working now. 8. We live too far from the sea to go there more often. 9. He is too proud to ask someone for help. 10. She is too honest to deceive anyone.

Pattern 2

1. The engine was not powerful enough to make the bus drive uphill. 2. The knife is not sharp enough to cut the rope. 3. The dog is clever enough to learn how to open the door. 4. The girl is not tall enough to get the book from the upper shelf. 5. The pilot is experienced enough to control a passenger plane independently.

12.19

A. 1. At the age of twenty Tom was finally able to afford to buy a good car. 2. None of the passing drivers agreed to give us a lift to Fulham. 3. The firm aims to increase the profit by 50 percent. 4. They appeared not to understand what we were talking about. 5. We arranged to go to the sea together in summer. 6. We were asked to stay. 7. Don’t even attempt to find this book in our library – it is not there. 8. When did you begin to breed ostriches? 9. We chose not to look for another hotel and stayed at the same one for a few more days. 10. The explorers continued to look for the sunken ship from the 17^th century one year later. 11. Nobody dared to contradict Mr Wilson/disagree with Mr Wilson. 12. At what age did you decide to become a scientist? 13. This man deserves to be forgiven. 14. The team had obviously expected to win the competition but they finally lost. 15. It is the third time Aline has failed to pass the driving test! 16. Do not forget to switch off the light after classes. 17. Do you happen to know Ann’s new phone number? 18. We didn’t hesitate for a moment to agree. 19. Hope to see you soon! 20. Thomas obviously didn’t intend to continue collaboration with you.

B. 1. Many of my friends like to listen to classical music. 2. Everyone is longing to come back home. 3. Nobody meant to hurt you. 4. Are you really surprised that I offered to wash the dishes? 5. We are planning to finish the project in three weeks. 6. The actor prefers not to be photographed. 7. Tina was preparing to leave home when she remembered that she had left her cellphone in the pocket of her jacket. 8. We returned home and proceeded to watch it from the time the playback had been paused. 9. And what did you promise to do in that case? 10. Mr Watts proposed to cut down on transport expenses. 11. All the taxi drivers have refused to drive us to our destination in such weather. Remember to thank everyone for their attention at the end of your speech. 13. It started to rain sharp at noon and it rained until 8 a.m. 14. We stopped to have lunch halfway to Richmond. 15. Liz has always striven to be the first everywhere, hasn’t she? 16. Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn swore to keep the secret. 17. The captain threatened to throw one of the sailors overboard. 18. try to do this on your own and don’t ask me for help. 19. The plane has been fuelled and is waiting to take off. 20. What did you want to be when you were a child? 21. Who wishes to participate in the competition?

12.20

A. 1. I strongly advise you to book a room in advance. 2. His parents do not allow him to play computer games for more than 1.5 hours a day. 3. I ask you to burn the presentation to a CD. 4. She begged her husband to forgive her for what she had said before. 5. Wallace challenged Hargard to sword fight (это глагол). 6. Everyone unanimously chose Phil to stage the production. 7. The general commanded the troops to retreat immediately. 8. The detective directed his assistant to search the building. 9. The first success encouraged the scientist to go on carrying out the research. 10. We didn’t expect you to get to our place before midnight.  11. The police forbid the visitors to carry any sharp or dangerous items. 12. Sometimes (the) circumstances force us to do the things that we do not want to do. 13. In summer our neighbours hired some workers to dig a well. 14. We invite anyone interested to take part in the intellectual marathon next weekend. 15. I like Ann to play the piano.

B. 1. This system of marks motivates the students to be active in class. 2. The captain ordered the crew to gather on the upper deck. 3. We pay you to do your work and you are just having a rest. 4. The administration of the art gallery does not permit the visitors to use their cameras with flash on. 5. Do not persuade me to change my mind, it’s no use doing this. 6. Do you remember that you promised to behave well to your parents. 7. The librarian reminded me to return the book that I had taken the previous month, to the library. 8. Such a problem requires us to concentrate on it solely. 9. Tom’s mom sent him to buy some bread yesterday but he lost the money. 10. The artist had taught his son to draw before the latter was admitted the Academy. 11. A voice from the dark told them to halt. 12. The situation urged him to take the only right decision. 13. Don’t you want me to get angry? 14. The rescue service warned the sportsmen not to ski due to the risk of an avalanche.

12.21

Pattern 1

1. We study English to speak it when we go abroad. 2. Put on your rubber gloves in order to avoid an electric shock. 3. The student asked the question to distract the teacher. 4. You should wear a hat in winter in order to be healthy. 5. Father had to buy a chainsaw to cut down some old trees in the country. 6. What exams are you going to take in order to enter the university? 7. People used goose quills to write in the past. 8. I had to read the book over again in order to remember its content. 9. Soon the travellers stopped to make a halt. 10. Tom was spinning yarns/telling tall tales (stories) in order to impress the listeners.

Pattern 2

1. I always jot down my plans for the day in order not to forget anything. 2. Grandpa has installed a navigation app on his phone so as not to get stuck in traffic-jams. 3. I hardly ever go out in such weather in order not to catch a cold. 4. Hold the box tight so as not to drop it! 5. I didn’t ask any extra questions in order not to hurt Higgins. 6. I had my eyes fixed on the road so as not to miss the turn that I could hardly remember. 7. The student downloaded a brief retelling from the Internet in order no read the whole of the novel. 8. First we read the manual so as not to break the appliance. 9. A lot of people drink coffee in order not to fall asleep. 10. I turned the phone to silent mode so as not to distract anyone in the library.

12.22

1. Tom’s parents gave him money so that he could buy himself what he wanted. 2. They suggested that we stay a little longer so that we would have a good rest. 3. Mom has cooked some sandwiches so that we will take them with us. 4. The fake camera has been installed on purpose so that drivers will slow down. 5. Da Vinci created this work in such a way so that nobody would be able to solve the riddle. 6. Turn down the music so that I will be able to fall asleep. 7. They put on a muzzle on the dog so that it couldn’t bite anyone. 8. Dad gave Maria a lift to school so that she wouldn’t be late. 9. I called you so that that you wouldn’t get anxious. 10. Parents help their children so that children will help them in the future.

12.23

a) 1. Maria can’t have returned from her business trip so soon. 2. The children can’t have done this on their own. 3. He can’t have realized his guilt/fault. 4. Your neighbours can’t have started repairs again. 5. Your team can’t have lost!

b) 1. We could have had a swim yesterday, the water was warm enough. 2. You could have come and helped us at the weekend. 3. You could have stayed for one more day but you left. 4. You could have chosen something better! 5. You could have waited for me yesterday!

c) 1. Someone may be hiding here. 2. Someone may be following him. 3. Don’t throw out the newspaper. Grandpa may be still reading it. 4. The lab might be still using such equipment. 5. It might be still snowing.

d) 1. Why did you do that? You might have injured yourself! 2. The dog might have bitten you while you were teasing it. 3. We might have got better results for the test. 4. The engine might have broken down because of such gasoline.

e) 1. They must be having a rest now, you’d better call back in the evening. 2. Tom must still be staying in the country. 3. You must still be worrying about the money. 4. These plants must be suffering from drought. 5. They must be flying back.

f) 1. You must have already forgotten me. 2. You must have heard something about Cromwell. 3. They must have (been) worried about the exam results. 4. You must have had enough time to think over our offer. 5. They must have completed the reconstruction of the cathedral.

g) 1. They must have been discussing this piece of news for the whole week. 2. Ann must have been working here for her whole life. 3. You must have been learning English for not less than five years. 4. They must have been working on the same project since they graduated from the university. 5. The scientist must have been studying the behaviour of these animals all his life.

h) 1. You shouldn’t have told your friends about this incident. 2. You should have prepared all the documents last week. 3. You shouldn’t have asked the teacher this question. 4. You shouldn’t have spent so much time on one task. 5. They should have kept this secret.

i) 1. You needn’t have come so early. 2. You needn’t have boiled the vegetables for so long. 3. You needn’t have washed this old T-shirt. 4. You needn’t have bought water – we have some more bottles at home. 5. You needn’t have tidied the flat, I vacuum-cleaned it yesterday.

j) 1. The linen needs to be washed. 2. The computer needs to be repaired. 3. The whiteboard needs to be wiped with spirit. 4. The battery needs to be charged. 5. The shrubs need to be trimmed in spring.

12.24

a) 1. Ann appears to be interested in taking part in the conference. 2. He seems to be talking on the phone. 3. He seems to have been talking on the phone for an hour. 4. The monument seems to have been set up here quite recently. 5. This book appears to have been read by many people – it is really shabby. 6. The dog seems to be sleeping. 7. The lift seems to have been repaired. 8. You seem to have been impressed by the excursion. 9. You appear to have been missing the classes for the past two weeks. 10. Jack seems to have finished building the house.

b) 1. The cat turned out to have been hiding in the attic. 2. The friends turned out to have bought the same present for us as we had bought for them. 3. The knife turned out to be made of poor metal. 4. We turned out to have missed the last bus. 5. That kind of camera film turned out to be still produced.

c) 1. A rabbit’s foot is thought to bring luck. 2. Columbus is considered to have discovered America first. 3. You are supposed to be working in the lab now. 4. You are expected to have finished writing the reports. 5. The prize is thought to have been awarded to the writer wrongly. 6. The profit is expected to exceed all the expenses on the project. 7. Many of the documents of that period are known to have been destroyed. 8. A hermit is said to live in the shack. 9. The criminals were reported to have been disarmed and captured by the police. 10. Smoking is known to be detrimental to health.

d) 1. They are not likely to come to us for the weekend. 2. The team is likely to have lost the game. 3. They are likely to be scheming against you. 4. She is sure to call, don’t worry. 5. This person is not likely to have been taught good manners.

12.25

1. comes 2. happens 3. passes 4. pull 5. invite 6. keep 7. stays 8. catch 9. ask 10. try

12.26

1. If they find your cellphone 2. we will deliver the goods 3. If groundhog Phil doesn’t see his shadow and stays outdoors 4. we won’t be able to leave the city 5. If people keep polluting the planet 6. you will find us very similar to each other 7. If we find Mr Thompson in his workplace 8. I will come over to you 9. If the jacket doesn’t fit you 10. you will find the year of its production

12.27

1. wind, stop 2. make, spend 3. eat, lose 4. gives, get 5. choose/agree 6. rains 7. recognize, meet/run across 8. say, get to know 9. wake up, go off 10. go, have

12.28

1h 2b 3d 4c 5g 6f 7e 8a 9 j 10i

12.29

1. If I were you, I would be more careful. 2. If it were warmer, we would go to the country. 3. If we weren’t so tired, we would take a bike ride. 4. If Tom weren’t so obstinate, he would admit that he is not right. 5. It would be great if you were here today. 6. If all the students were present now, we would have a test. 7. If there were more space in the bedroom, we could put another wardrobe there. 8. If it were Sunday today, we would go for a walk. 9. If they were more attentive, they would make fewer mistakes. 10. You would know English much better if you were more diligent.

12.30

a) 1. ski 2. help 3. go 4. discuss 5. take

b) 1. catch 2. make 3. turn 4. help 5. give

12.31

A. 1. We would stay at your place for some more days if we didn’t have to go to work on Monday. 2. I would willingly go to school on foot if I lived a little nearer to it. 3. I would turn on the computer for you if I knew the password. 4. If the Internet connection were fast here, we would (be able to) watch films online. 5. If I had money on my phone, I would let you make a call. 6. If Tom didn’t break phone screens so often, his parents would buy him a good cellphone. 7. If you didn’t miss classes, it would be easier for you to get prepared for the exams. 8. If all the students were like Ann, there would be no problems at all. 9. If I were you, I would pay attention to my behaviour. 10. If there were a cinema near our house, we would watch films more often. 11. If I were you, I would buy a darker dress. 12. If John didn’t gamble, he would be a well-off man. 13. If I lived somewhere in the south, I would probably be a farmer. 14. If someone told me such nonsense, I wouldn’t believe it. 15. If I were you, I would consult a dentist immediately. 16. What wish would you make if you caught a goldfish? 17. I would print out the report for you if there were ink in the printer. 18. I wouldn’t ask you to print out the report if my printer worked. 19. If I were you, I wouldn’t type the lectures using a laptop. 20. If I didn’t know this person so well, I would believe you.

B. 1. If you were offered such a job, would you reject it? 2. If the bench weren’t painted, we could sit here. 3. If the cable weren’t damaged, we could still use it/it could be used. 4. If only the screen were broken, the phone could be repaired. 5. If the Amber Room were found, it would be exhibited at a museum.

12.32

1a 2f 3h 4c 5d 6e 7i 8g 9b 10j

12.33

1. had been asked 2. had been shut 3. had been repaired 4. had not been delayed 5. hadn’t been closed 6. hadn’t been given a lift 7. hadn’t been written down 8. had been detected 9. hadn’t been delivered 10. hadn’t been damaged

12.34

A. 1. If Sophie hadn’t helped me with the report 2. If it hadn’t rained yesterday 3. If you hadn’t taken the coat to the dry cleaner’s last weekend 4. If you had taken the goods back to the shop within a week after the purchase 5. If you had signed the agreement with that firm

B. 1. he could have taken part in the competition 2. you could have harvested a bigger crop 3. you wouldn’t have put on weight on holidays 4. she would have studied five years at university 5. they would have never met each other

12.35

A. 1. If you hadn’t gone skating on Wednesday, you wouldn’t have caught a cold. 2. If you hadn’t caught a cold, you would have gone to school. 3. If you had gone to school, you would have taken a/the test. 4. If you had taken the test, you could have got a ‘five’. 5. If you had got a ‘five’, your parents would have praised you.

B. 1. If you had gone to bed on time yesterday, you wouldn’t have overslept in the morning. 2. If you hadn’t overslept, you wouldn’t have missed the bus. 3. If you hadn’t missed the bus, dad wouldn’t have had to give you a lift. 4. If dad hadn’t given you a lift, you would have missed the competition. 5. If you had missed the competition, you would have been upset greatly.

12.36

A. 1. You wouldn’t be hungry now if you had had breakfast in the morning. 2. You wouldn’t be spending so much money on repairs now if you had bought a new car. 3. If you had read all the necessary books in summer, you wouldn’t have to read them now. 4. If Schliemann hadn’t discovered Troy, we might know nothing about it. 5. If I hadn’t read it myself, I wouldn’t be so sure of it. 6. If you hadn’t had your hair cut back then, you would have waist length hair now. 7. If you hadn’t eaten so many sweets in your childhood, you would have healthy teeth now.

B. 1. If Tim were more responsible, he would have done everything yesterday. 2. If I were you, I would have given up smoking long ago. 3. If the winters here weren’t so warm, we wouldn’t have built such a warm house. 4. If bricks were cheaper, they would have used them for building the house. 5. If this question were difficult, it would have been explained to us at the lecture.

12.37

a) 1. If only they were here now! 2. If only I could play the piano! 3. If only they allowed us to stay a little longer! 4. If only she agreed to go to the cinema! 5. If only people could fly like birds!

b) 1. If only it had occurred to me then! 2. If only they had called us at once then! 3. If only I had managed to ask the professor this question! 4. If only we had listened to you opinion then! 5. If only we had thought about it beforehand!

12.38

a) 1. I wish I could come to you. 2. I wish I knew this person. 3. I wish you were here. 4. I wish I could play the violin! 5. I wish I were you/I were in your shoes!

b) 1. I wish we had visited the gallery when we were in Dresden. 2. I wish you had had time to visit us. 3. I wish someone had remembered your birthday. 4. I wish the film hadn’t finished/ended so soon. 5. I wish you had gone on the excursion with us, it was so interesting there.

12.39

1. If it were not for/If it hadn’t been for 2. If it hadn’t been for 3. If it hadn’t been for 4. If it hadn’t been for 5. If it were not for 6. If it were not for 7. If it hadn’t been for 8. If it hadn’t been for 9. If it hadn’t been for 10. If it hadn’t been for/If it were not for

12.40

1. weren’t so busy 2. hadn’t bought 3. doesn’t enter 4. didn’t come 5. had been more careful 6. would still rely 7. a) don’t find, will ask b) hadn’t found, would have asked 8. were 9. had taken 10. had been